Number
Number is a grammatical category which relates to nouns, pronouns, adjectives and verbs.
It has two parts -
1.Singular number- A noun that denotes one person or thing, is called singular number.
Example- Boy, teacher, fan, chair.
2.Plural number- A noun that denotes more than one person or thing of the same class, is called plural number.
Example- Boys, cows, fans, chairs.
How to make plural noun from singular noun
Rule1:- By adding "S" to the singular nouns at the last part.
Example- pen-pens, bag-bags, boy-boys, book-books.
Rule2:- By adding "S" to the singular nouns at the last ending in "O" preceded by a vowel.
Example:- studio-studios, radio-radios, portfolio-portfolios.
Rule3:-By adding "ES" to the noun ending in "O" preceded by a consonant.
Example:-Mango-mangoes, hero-heroes, potato-potatoes.
Some words are exception of this rule--
Photo-photos, kilo-kilos, piano-pianos, dynamo-dynamos.
Rule4:-By adding "S" to the noun ending in"y"preceded by a vowel.
Example-Boy-boys, key-keys, day-days.
Rule5:-By changing "Y" into "I"and adding "ES"to nouns ending in "y" preceded by a consonant.
Example-Navy-navies, army-armies, baby-babies.
Rule6:-By changing "f/fe" into "ves" to nouns ending in "f/fe".
Example-Thief-thieves, calf-calves, life-lives.
Some words are exception of this rule--
Chief-chiefs, cliff-cliffs, dwarf-dwarfs, brief-briefs, grief-griefs, gulf-gulfs, roof-roofs, proof-proofs.
Rule7:-By adding "ES" to nouns ending in "S/SS/SH/CH/X/Z".
Example-Bus-buses, dress-dresses, dish-dishes, brush-brushes, branch-branches, tax-taxes, topaz-topazes.
Note- If last part "CH" of noun is pronounced as "k" in such a circumstance to make plural of singular noun "S" is added at the last of singular noun.
Example-Monarch-monarchs, stomach-stomachs.
Rule8:-There are some such nouns whose plural are made to change inside vowel.
Example-Tooth-teeth, man-men, woman-women, goose-geese, foot-feet.
Rule9:-There are some such nouns whose plural are changed irregularly.
Example-Ox-oxen, brother-brotheren(brothers), child-children, mouse-mice, cow-kine(cows), louse-lice.
Rule10:-There are some such nouns whose singular and plural both form are the same.To make such nouns singular "A/An/This/That" are used and to make plural "These/Those" are used.
Example-Cod, swine, sheep, deer, trout.
Usage-
Singular Plural
This deer is yours. Those deer are yours.
A sheep was in this bus. Two sheep were in that bus.
Rule11:-Unit of counting are made plural by adding "S" but retain their singular form, if preceded by numbers.
Example-Dozen, pair, score, hundred, thousand.
Usage-
She has pairs of saries. She has two pair of saries.
Rohi has dozens of pens. He has two dozen of pens.
Hundreds of rupees are saved. He has two hundred rupees.
Scores are counted by him. Five score are done by him.
Thousands of pens are bought. He bought two thousand pens.
Rule12:-Some collective nouns are used in both the numbers- singular and plural.
Example-Committee, audience, government, jury, team.
Usage-
Singular Plural
The committee has been formed. The committee have approved it.
audience is silent. Audience are making a noise.
Rule13:-Some nouns ending in"S" seem to be plural but they are commonly used in both the numbers singular and plural.
Example-Ethics, innings, gallows, politics, mathematics, metaphysics, phonetics.
Rule14:-The following nouns are used only in singular-
Alphabet, athletics, business, bedding, economics, fuel, furniture, expenditure, issue, information, mechanic, machinery, news, physics, poetry, scenery, stationary, offspring.
Rule15:-Abstract and material nouns are not used in plural.
Example-Brick, care, fish, hair, paper.
Usage-
Care of parents is necessary.
This room is made of brick.
He has different kinds of fish.
Her hair is grey.
News is printed on paper.
Exception of this rule-
Her five hairs are black.
I bought five fresh fishes.
Rule16:-The following nouns are used only in plural.
Arms, arts, artillery, ashes, assets, auspices, annels, bowels, breeches, cattle, cavalry, company, crew, crowd, clergy, contents, chattles, chaps, drawers, entrails, environs, draughts, majority, mankind, massmedia, poultry, public, people, mumps, police, riches, remains, scales, spectacles, intestines, shears, scissors, statistics, small-pox, trousers, wages, trapping, tongs, thanks, vermine, measles.
Rule17:-Some compound nouns are made plural by adding "S" in the end.
Singular Plural
Lady-superintendent Lady-superintendents
Governor-general Governor-generals
Attorney-general Attorney-generals
Knight-errant Knight-errants
Vice-admiral Vice-admirals
Step-mother Step-mothers
Step-daughter Step-daughters
Maid-servant Maid-servants
Step-son Step-sons
Forget-me-not Forget-me-nots.
Rule18:-Some compound nouns are made plural to add "s" in the main term.
Example-
Singular Plural
Father-in-law Fathers-in-law
Mother-in-law Mothers-in-law
Brother-in-law Brothers-in-law
Sister-in-law Sisters-in-law
Daughter-in-law Daughters-in-law
Son-in-law Sons-in-law
Commander-in-chief Commanders-in-chief
Court-martial Courts-martial
Looker-on Lookers-on.
Rule19:-Some compound nouns are made plural by making plural both terms.
Example-
Singular Plural
Man-servant Men-servants
Woman-teacher Women-teachers
Lord-justice Lords-justices
Knight-templar Knights-templars.
Rule20:-The meaning of plural form of some nouns are different from the meaning of singular form of these nouns.
Singular Plural
Advice(Tip) Advices(Information)
Abuse(Dirty word) Abuses(Ediction)
Cricket(A kind of game) Crickets(A kind of insect)
Compass(Boundary) Compasses(a kind of instrument)
Force(Power) Forces(Army)
Good(nice) Goods(Thing)
Physic(Medicine) Physics(Science)
Rule21:-The plural of letters and abbreviations is made to add "S".
Example-
Two B.As have come.
Five V.I.Ps are in the room.
Rule22:-The plural of digit is made by adding "S".
Example-
In the figure 666, there are three 6s.
60s- Sixties.
Number is a grammatical category which relates to nouns, pronouns, adjectives and verbs.
It has two parts -
1.Singular number- A noun that denotes one person or thing, is called singular number.
Example- Boy, teacher, fan, chair.
2.Plural number- A noun that denotes more than one person or thing of the same class, is called plural number.
Example- Boys, cows, fans, chairs.
How to make plural noun from singular noun
Rule1:- By adding "S" to the singular nouns at the last part.
Example- pen-pens, bag-bags, boy-boys, book-books.
Rule2:- By adding "S" to the singular nouns at the last ending in "O" preceded by a vowel.
Example:- studio-studios, radio-radios, portfolio-portfolios.
Rule3:-By adding "ES" to the noun ending in "O" preceded by a consonant.
Example:-Mango-mangoes, hero-heroes, potato-potatoes.
Some words are exception of this rule--
Photo-photos, kilo-kilos, piano-pianos, dynamo-dynamos.
Rule4:-By adding "S" to the noun ending in"y"preceded by a vowel.
Example-Boy-boys, key-keys, day-days.
Rule5:-By changing "Y" into "I"and adding "ES"to nouns ending in "y" preceded by a consonant.
Example-Navy-navies, army-armies, baby-babies.
Rule6:-By changing "f/fe" into "ves" to nouns ending in "f/fe".
Example-Thief-thieves, calf-calves, life-lives.
Some words are exception of this rule--
Chief-chiefs, cliff-cliffs, dwarf-dwarfs, brief-briefs, grief-griefs, gulf-gulfs, roof-roofs, proof-proofs.
Rule7:-By adding "ES" to nouns ending in "S/SS/SH/CH/X/Z".
Example-Bus-buses, dress-dresses, dish-dishes, brush-brushes, branch-branches, tax-taxes, topaz-topazes.
Note- If last part "CH" of noun is pronounced as "k" in such a circumstance to make plural of singular noun "S" is added at the last of singular noun.
Example-Monarch-monarchs, stomach-stomachs.
Rule8:-There are some such nouns whose plural are made to change inside vowel.
Example-Tooth-teeth, man-men, woman-women, goose-geese, foot-feet.
Rule9:-There are some such nouns whose plural are changed irregularly.
Example-Ox-oxen, brother-brotheren(brothers), child-children, mouse-mice, cow-kine(cows), louse-lice.
Rule10:-There are some such nouns whose singular and plural both form are the same.To make such nouns singular "A/An/This/That" are used and to make plural "These/Those" are used.
Example-Cod, swine, sheep, deer, trout.
Usage-
Singular Plural
This deer is yours. Those deer are yours.
A sheep was in this bus. Two sheep were in that bus.
Rule11:-Unit of counting are made plural by adding "S" but retain their singular form, if preceded by numbers.
Example-Dozen, pair, score, hundred, thousand.
Usage-
She has pairs of saries. She has two pair of saries.
Rohi has dozens of pens. He has two dozen of pens.
Hundreds of rupees are saved. He has two hundred rupees.
Scores are counted by him. Five score are done by him.
Thousands of pens are bought. He bought two thousand pens.
Rule12:-Some collective nouns are used in both the numbers- singular and plural.
Example-Committee, audience, government, jury, team.
Usage-
Singular Plural
The committee has been formed. The committee have approved it.
audience is silent. Audience are making a noise.
Rule13:-Some nouns ending in"S" seem to be plural but they are commonly used in both the numbers singular and plural.
Example-Ethics, innings, gallows, politics, mathematics, metaphysics, phonetics.
Rule14:-The following nouns are used only in singular-
Alphabet, athletics, business, bedding, economics, fuel, furniture, expenditure, issue, information, mechanic, machinery, news, physics, poetry, scenery, stationary, offspring.
Rule15:-Abstract and material nouns are not used in plural.
Example-Brick, care, fish, hair, paper.
Usage-
Care of parents is necessary.
This room is made of brick.
He has different kinds of fish.
Her hair is grey.
News is printed on paper.
Exception of this rule-
Her five hairs are black.
I bought five fresh fishes.
Rule16:-The following nouns are used only in plural.
Arms, arts, artillery, ashes, assets, auspices, annels, bowels, breeches, cattle, cavalry, company, crew, crowd, clergy, contents, chattles, chaps, drawers, entrails, environs, draughts, majority, mankind, massmedia, poultry, public, people, mumps, police, riches, remains, scales, spectacles, intestines, shears, scissors, statistics, small-pox, trousers, wages, trapping, tongs, thanks, vermine, measles.
Rule17:-Some compound nouns are made plural by adding "S" in the end.
Singular Plural
Lady-superintendent Lady-superintendents
Governor-general Governor-generals
Attorney-general Attorney-generals
Knight-errant Knight-errants
Vice-admiral Vice-admirals
Step-mother Step-mothers
Step-daughter Step-daughters
Maid-servant Maid-servants
Step-son Step-sons
Forget-me-not Forget-me-nots.
Rule18:-Some compound nouns are made plural to add "s" in the main term.
Example-
Singular Plural
Father-in-law Fathers-in-law
Mother-in-law Mothers-in-law
Brother-in-law Brothers-in-law
Sister-in-law Sisters-in-law
Daughter-in-law Daughters-in-law
Son-in-law Sons-in-law
Commander-in-chief Commanders-in-chief
Court-martial Courts-martial
Looker-on Lookers-on.
Rule19:-Some compound nouns are made plural by making plural both terms.
Example-
Singular Plural
Man-servant Men-servants
Woman-teacher Women-teachers
Lord-justice Lords-justices
Knight-templar Knights-templars.
Rule20:-The meaning of plural form of some nouns are different from the meaning of singular form of these nouns.
Singular Plural
Advice(Tip) Advices(Information)
Abuse(Dirty word) Abuses(Ediction)
Cricket(A kind of game) Crickets(A kind of insect)
Compass(Boundary) Compasses(a kind of instrument)
Force(Power) Forces(Army)
Good(nice) Goods(Thing)
Physic(Medicine) Physics(Science)
Rule21:-The plural of letters and abbreviations is made to add "S".
Example-
Two B.As have come.
Five V.I.Ps are in the room.
Rule22:-The plural of digit is made by adding "S".
Example-
In the figure 666, there are three 6s.
60s- Sixties.
0 टिप्पणियाँ:
Hello readers,
I am Sonu Sharma myself from Jharkhand. I like writing. so I wanted to create a website that could help the people who know Hindi and want to learn English I hope you will like learning English through Hindi from this website.
comment karne se pahle kuchh baat batana chahta hun
1.Aap comment me galat sabdo ka prayog nahi karenge.
2App comment mein English grammar aur translation se related koi bhi question puch sakte hain.
thanks